What organization controls exports of products and technology within the Department of Commerce?

The Bureau of Industry and Security (BIS) is the correct answer because it specifically oversees and regulates the export of dual-use products and technologies, which are items that can have both commercial and military applications. The BIS operates under the Department of Commerce and is responsible for implementing and enforcing U.S. export control laws and regulations. This includes managing the Export Administration Regulations (EAR), which govern the export of a vast array of goods and technologies to ensure they do not compromise national security or foreign policy interests.

This role is distinct from the other organizations mentioned. The Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC) deals primarily with economic and trade sanctions imposed on targeted foreign countries and regimes, focusing on financial transactions rather than general export control. The Directorate of Defense Trade Controls (DDTC) is part of the State Department and is responsible for regulating defense exports and ensuring compliance with the International Traffic in Arms Regulations (ITAR), which is more focused on military-related articles and services. U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) operates at the borders to enforce laws regarding the import and export of goods but does not specifically manage export controls in the same manner as the BIS.